Hi,
Overheating can be caused by a few different things. First, I noted that you replaced the thermostat. Was the system flushed when you had the coolant removed? If not, that would be the next step. Here is a link that shows how that is done:
https://www.2carpros.com/articles/coolant-flush-and-refill-all-cars
Also, if you are trying to add coolant and it won't take any, it may simply be full. When the engine is cold, open the radiator cap and check level. If it is full, start the engine and see if it drops. If it does, and it then. Make sure the overflow reservoir is at a proper level as well.
After it is filled and the cap is still off, allow the engine to warm up for two reasons. First, confirm that the level doesn't drop any further and second when it hits operating temp, you should be able to see the coolant flowing through the radiator. Note that when you fill the radiator, make sure the heater is on high to ensure the heater core is full as well. If there is no heat, then either the core is plugged, there is air in the system, or there is no circulation of coolant.
To answer a specific question you asked, the pump does not need to make noise to be bad. It can, but often times it will develop a leak through what is called a weep hole. See pic 1
Here is a link that you may find of interest and helpful. It discusses common symptoms of a bad water pump.
https://www.2carpros.com/articles/symptoms-of-a-bad-water-pump
One last thought. If everything above shows normal, then we need to check if there is an issue with a head gasket. Take a look through this link. It explains how to determine if that is the issue.
https://www.2carpros.com/articles/head-gasket-blown-test
Here is something I want you to try as well. With the engine cold, remove the radiator cap and start the engine. Does coolant shot from the radiator or leak out rapidly? If it does, then we have compressed air entering the cooling system most likely the result of a bad head gasket.
https://www.2carpros.com/articles/engine-overheating-or-running-hot
Let me know what you find or if you have other questions.
Take care,
Joe
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Wednesday, March 25th, 2020 AT 8:39 PM