2003 Kia Optima Died While running

Engine Mechanical problem
2003 Kia Optima 4 cyl Two Wheel Drive Automatic

The car died after running I know the battery is bad it was 5 year's old bad cell. But after replaceing the battery it still will not start. Working on car's my past expierince tells me this is an alternator or it could be the starter possibly. But will a car die if the cylonoid is going bad on the starter? And is another way I can find out which if either it is?
Thank You
Roger Doss