Battery drains down over night how can I fix it?

Can a brand new battery be ruined from being drained one time. I had my car in the shop and I showed up to pick it up in the morning before the employees arrived and observed the car in the bay with the hood up and the radio on, which means the key was left in the accessories on position, and perhaps other things were left on overnight. The car was supposed to be ready but it was not. I picked up the car two hours later and forgot to mention the radio being on. I assumed either the battery had enough juice to start the car or the shop charged it. I drove it for about an hour that day. The next day I ran a short errand and the next time I tried to start it there was not enough juice. I put it on an automatic charger overnight, in the morning it was still charging, the charger would have turned off automatically if the battery reached full charge. The battery was still dead. I was then able to jump start it with my truck. I have confirmed the alternator is charging. The battery doesn't seem to be holding a charge. My question is could that one instance of the battery being drained cause a new battery to fail?