Yes, but that is an over-simplified way of looking at it. A huge water pump fills your municipal water tower, and that pipe connects to your house. Which one supplies your house with water, the pump or the tower? If there was no tower, the pump would have to run twenty four hours per day. If the pump breaks down, you will have water until the level in the tower gets too low to develop pressure.
The alternator, which, by the way, Chrysler invented, and they copyrighted the term, is the electrical pump. The battery is the water tower, and the van's electrical system is the house. Until the engine starts, the battery supplies all the current for the radio, dash lights, computers, starter system, and all the rest of the electrical system. That will drain a good percentage of what is has stored. Once the engine is running, the alternator begins to pump current out to the electrical system, and it puts some back into the battery to get it recharged for the next time you start the engine. If it were not for the alternator, the battery would run drained in less than an hour of driving, and much less if the head lights or heater fan were on.
There are two times when current to run the van's electrical system comes from just the battery. One is when one of the six "diodes" fails. Diodes are one-way valves for electrical current, and all alternators use them. When one fails, the alternator will only be able to develop exactly one third of its rated current. Your van uses a 160-amp alternator which is huge. For many years, a common, large alternator was a 90-amp unit. With one failed diode, the most you could get would be 30 amps. That is not enough to run the entire electrical system under all conditions. The fuel pump and ignition system will draw around 15 amps. Two head lights and all the tail lights can draw another 15 to 20 amps. By this time, if you want to use the heater fan, radio, wipers, etc, the battery has to make up the difference while it slowly runs down over days or weeks. This is the equivalent of the water pump not being able to keep up with demand while the firemen are fighting the fire, so the tower has to make up the difference.
For the second time when the battery has to help, you must understand how all generators work. They use a coil of wire, a magnetic field, and most importantly, movement between the two. That is why we run them with the belt. Hey, this applies to my sad water story too. The pump is of no use unless a motor is running it. It does not pump any water anywhere if it is just sitting there. The faster it runs, the more water it can pump. The faster a generator spins, the more efficient it becomes. The opposite is also true. The slower it runs, the less current it can develop. An alternator's pulley is a lot smaller than the crankshaft pulley that drives it, so it spins a lot faster than engine speed, but in spite of that, at idle speed, it is possible for its efficiency to drop so low that it cannot develop enough current to meet demand. This is where the battery starts to supply the needed current. This is also where you might see the head lights dim, then they'll get brighter when you accelerate from the stop sign. This will be more noticeable when you're running a lot of accessories.
To add a couple more comments of value, an alternator is physically incapable of developing more current than it was designed to produce. If you need a replacement, and a smaller one will bolt to the engine, there is no problem doing that. A properly working electrical system will rarely draw 50 amps. Your 160-amp alternator has a lot of extra capacity built in that will never be needed or used.
The second exciting comment is the alternator will always only develop exactly the amount of current needed for the electrical system and to recharge the battery, and no more. That assumes the alternator, the voltage regulator that runs it, and the battery that stores it, are all working properly as a team. You could have a golly-zillion-amp alternator, but if the electrical system needs 57 amps, it is going to generate 57 amps. Sometimes someone wants to switch to an alternator with a larger capacity thinking that is going to solve some problem, but it is still going to develop only as much current as is needed, and no more. Very often there are two or three different current ratings that were offered for a certain model in a certain year, and when you need a replacement, only the larger one is available. Here again, as long as it will bolt to the engine and the pulley is the same, it can be used. It is not going to develop more current, higher voltage, or charge the battery any faster. You can carry a gallon of water in a gallon bucket or in a two-gallon bucket. You will not get the water there any faster and you will not get more water. What you have is the capacity to carry more water.
There is a potential problem to switching to a larger alternator. For many years, including on my 1980 Plymouth Volare that I used for teaching, there were three different size alternators that were used that year. The wire carrying the current to the battery and to the rest of the electrical system was large enough to handle the maximum current the largest alternator could produce, but, ... That wire had a fuse link wire spliced in it that was sized for the alternator that was installed at the factory. There is only one time in the life of an alternator that it will develop its full rated output current. That is during a load test performed by your mechanic. If you had installed a larger alternator but never replaced the fuse link wire with a larger one, it could be possible to burn that fuse open. Fortunately it takes some time for that to occur, and the full-load output current test only lasts a few seconds; just long enough to observe the reading, and that is usually not enough for the link to burn open. Newer cars, starting around the mid 1990's, use a regular fuse that is bolted into the under-hood fuse box. These do not have that delayed action characteristic, so a full-load test could blow that fuse. Again, this is only a possibility, and only when a larger alternator was installed. I do not see that ever happening to your van. Your alternator could power the space station with enough left over to give a boost to the space shuttle! I cannot imagine what the engineers were thinking when they stuffed that monster in there. I have four Grand Caravans and a Dynasty, and the largest alternator in any of them is a 90-amp, which is way more than I need.
Saturday, January 27th, 2018 AT 8:45 PM