Forget the starter. The drive gear sits on an over-running clutch that lets a running engine spin the gear without spinning the starter motor. A better suspect might be a collapsed engine mount that is letting it sit low on one side and the exhaust pipe is rubbing on a metal bracket or part of the body sheet metal. That will transmit engine noise into the passenger compartment. On some vehicles a broken engine mount can allow the crankshaft pulley to rub on the body when the engine shifts during acceleration or coasting.
There is a tool you might be able to borrow or rent from an auto parts store that borrows them called the "Chassis Ear". It is a set of six microphones, a switch box, and headphones. You clip the microphones to suspect points, then drive around while listening with the headphones. You can move the microphones around to zero in on the source of the noise. Be aware that many mechanics have never seen or even heard of this tool. Suspension and alignment mechanics use it to find rattles, squeaks, and other noises.
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Friday, December 16th, 2016 AT 12:21 PM