starter replacement

Hello,

It will be best to get a new starter. As you will get dirt and moisture inside the solenoid if that piece is broken.

The green part looks like a rubber seal possibly for an electrical connection. I think it could go inside the broken piece for keep out dirt and debris.

https://www.2carpros.com/articles/how-to-replace-a-starter-motor

Please let me know of any questions.
Thank you.

What is the VSV connector attached to the Air Cleaner Inlet no. 2. What does it do because when I took the car apart, I didn't see it. I took pictures as I was removing parts to know where they go and kept screws and brackets together with the corresponding parts.

That is called vacuum switching valve (VSV). It can increase the engine speed depending on certain load condition. Unplugged VSV typically triggers the check engine light.

where does that VSV connect to and from? The diagram below is one file you had sent me earlier. You can use that to highlight where it connects from and to.

on the attached diagram of the torque settings, the battery has to be torqued also but there's no room for a socket to fit in that tight space. Also, if I only torque the two bolts for the starter and the one nut for the battery connection on the starter, do I need to torque the other components on your list?

Keep in mind that those are the factory recommended torque settings. As you know accessibility is always an issue.
Also, specific torque settings are critical on internal engine/transmission parts than these types of bolts that you are faced with.
So, the best course of action would be to use the proper torque on what you are able to and on the others, make sure it is secured.
On the battery ones, just make sure they are tight.
Hopefully, this kind of answers your question.

Let me know of any concerns.