Front axle not engaging 4X4?

Tiny
BIGSPAN
  • MEMBER
  • 1994 GMC YUKON
  • V8
  • 4WD
  • AUTOMATIC
  • 150,000 MILES
I have no lights coming on indicating that 4H or 4L are engaged. I pulled actuator. Shifted w/ key on. Actuator worked! Shifted back to 2H actuator popped backed in - it worked! What else could be the problem? Could actuator just be old and weak? How come the lights on the floor shifter don't come on? Could this have something to do with it? Why would actuator work but no lights? More importantly. How come I can't get my front axle engaged for 4 wheel drive? Thanks for your help!
Friday, December 19th, 2008 AT 9:30 PM

18 Replies

Tiny
RACEFAN966
  • MECHANIC
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These are thermal actuated and have a two pin connector. When they get cold they don't like to work or one of the return springs is broken, please check the image below to see what I am talking about. Check out the images (Below). Let us know what happens and please upload pictures or videos of the problem.
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Saturday, December 20th, 2008 AT 12:00 PM
Tiny
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I was out working on it today, It is 16 deg in ny. We took the actuator off again. We tried it while it was hanging from the wire harness. 4H popped the actuator out. Put in 2H and the actuator popped in. It seems to work fine. I even put pressure on it and put it in 4H and it pushed my hand. When we activate the actuator it sounds almost motorized.
My point is. The actuator appears to work fine. Question: Can an actuator be old and not strong enough to apply enough pressure to lock the axles in?

While working on it today (In the snow).I checked all wire connections in and around actuator and transfer case and they all seemed fine(No corrosion)
I checked if transfer case worked by putting in 4H and the front driveshaft did in fact turn!

So. In closing. My problem seems to be. Still. Front axles not locking in 4H and front axle light on floor board shifter still does not light up when in 4H.

I am at the end of my rope with this thing. Surely someone can help me figure it out. Thanks for your time
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Saturday, December 20th, 2008 AT 2:26 PM
Tiny
RACEFAN966
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You need to replace it I sell so many of these things it isn't funny. You did look in the hole to see that nothing was broken inside right. The two wire ones are thermal and the metal around it is cold so it isn't going out all the way this is why it is not engaging. It is -2 here in Idaho so you have it warm LOL.
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Saturday, December 20th, 2008 AT 8:02 PM
Tiny
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Ok. Now.I took your advice.I replaced the actuator. Sealed the threads and filled with gear oil. I still have no 4 wheel drive. The light on the floor shifter does not light up on the front axle. I replaced bulb there. I checked new actuator prior to installation. It worked fine. From what I can tell. Inside the housing of differential nothing is broken. 4 wheel low works on rear axle thats is. Front axle in both 4L and 4H is definitely not engaged. When I punch it in the snow only the rear tires are spinning. What would suggest at this point. Oh.I really do appreciate the time you are spending with me on this situation. Unfortunately I don't have alot of money so I am trying to make this repair myself. It is adding up already with the actuator purchase, however, I know I wont need one of them at this point. Thanks for the gratitude you gave me! I now can appreciate the 16 deg. I have as compared to the neg. Temps. LOL.

Thanks again for your time.
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Sunday, December 21st, 2008 AT 2:56 PM
Tiny
RACEFAN966
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Wow that usually fixes them. Now do you know if the front drive line is engaged or not? There could be a problem with the shift shaft or the shift fork but that would not be very cheap to fix. That actuator is what turns the light on by closing the switch to indicate that you are in 4x4. I wonder if they are not engaging far enough to lock the front axle. Now this is going to sound really crazy to ask but is the A/C heater fuse good? It sounds nuts but this is the 4x4 fuse too. Have you checked the transfer case switch yet?
Ok the t-case switch is on the left top side of t-case near the shifter area. You will need a test light for this ok. Connect the test light to ground and probe the brown wire (with key on engine off) your test light should light up. If it don't light you need to check the fuse or fix that wire as it is broken or shorted. If it does light up then you need to probe the light blue wire and put it into 4x4 again key on engine off your test light should light up if not replace the t-case switch. If it does light up then get back to me and we go further to check the 4x4 relay ok. Thanks and let me know how it goes.
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Sunday, December 21st, 2008 AT 8:14 PM
Tiny
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Thanks for the reply.I assume the axle is engaged.I looked underneath while my son moved the vehicle slowly and the front driveshaft was turning. We pulled every fuse and visually inspected them. All good. A/C and heater work fine. I have not checked the transfer case switch.I assumed if the front driveshaft was turning it was providing power to the front differential and it was working. Am I wrong for assuming this? This may seem like a stupid question however I have to ask. When I punch it in the snow. The front tire(s) should spin like the rear is that correct? Is the driveline considered engaged if the front driveshaft is turning while in 4 wheel drive? Another note. We did try to shim the actuator thinking it was not pushing far enough to engage the axles however the actuator bottomed out in the closed (2H) position before the threads would contact. The shim we used was 3/4" thick.
Thanks again
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Monday, December 22nd, 2008 AT 10:57 AM
Tiny
RACEFAN966
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DO NOT SHIM as this can do damage and if you shim there is only one way to shim and that would make it not be able to engage this is why the actuator extends when you put in 4x4. Now never assume anything as vehicles can act different then you think it should. Now if you jack up the front end and have the 4x4 button pushed and turn the wheels by hand the does the front drive line spin? If so then your transfer case may not be locking in. I would check the transfer case switch as I have instructed and if all that checks out ok. Then you need to check the linkage for proper adjustment so one step at a time here. Let me what you find.
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Monday, December 22nd, 2008 AT 11:28 AM
Tiny
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Thanks for the good point. Fortunately the actuator would not go in with the shim! I am going to jack up the front end now and will get back to you. Thanks again
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Monday, December 22nd, 2008 AT 12:32 PM
Tiny
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Thanks for the good point. Fortunately the actuator would not go in with the shim! I am going to jack up the front end now and will get back to you. Thanks again[/quote:e099a9dec4]

Ok. Here we go. We jacked up the front end w/ both tires off the ground. In 2H tires spun freely. In 4H tires still turned but a bit sluggishly at first then spun freely again. Driveshaft does not spin when we turn tires. Does that mean transfer case is not locking in? When we move the vehicle slowly and I look underneath and the shifter is in 4H position the driveshaft does turn. However it is not turning while we have it on the jack in 4H. What should be our next step? I am going out now to use the test light on the transfer case. Thanks. Will check back later

Ok.I am back before you are so I will add to my last comment.

We just went out and checked the transfer case switch as you suggested. I found no power at that location as well as far as I could trace it into the transmission. Both wires were dead in both 4H and 2H. I hope this is a big discovery in terms of the problem at hand. Can you tell me where the power source is for this switch. Can I jump a connection over to the same hot wire as the actuator? Thanks again for your patience in this matter. If this finally works out I will make it worth your time the best I can.
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Monday, December 22nd, 2008 AT 2:35 PM
Tiny
RACEFAN966
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Ok so we have determined that the t-case is engaging this is good this means we need to move to having no power as it should have. You have checked the 25 amp fuse for the 4x4 in the fuse block correct I beleive you said you did. So now we need to figure out why there is no power to that brown wire at the t-case switch connector.
Now there is a convenience center located under the the left side of the instrument panel it has a pink and white wire going into it and a brown wire coming out of it. Yes the brown wire goes to the t-case switch. The pink and white wire is the power to the convience center with the test light connected to a good ground you need to probe this wire and turn key on engine off and see if it lights up. If this pink and white wire has no power then the fuse that it leads to is no good.
Now if all this is ok then you need to put the truck in 4wd and attach the test light to a good ground and probe the light blue wire at the t-case switch and turn key on engine off it should light up if not then t-case switch is bad. The t-case connector must be hooked to the switch as you do this test.
As for the fused you need to check they are location 213 to better explain you have relays on the bottom of it right now the third row up and the from left to right the first three fuses are you 4x4 and rear defroster fuses if equiped if need be use a multi meter set on ohms and check for continuity. Get back to me as to what you find ok.
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Monday, December 22nd, 2008 AT 5:28 PM
Tiny
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Ok....I am sending pictures of the two locations I have tested.

I checked the pink/white wire and all was good. Fuses are fine. Brown wire had juice.

Transfer case: I checked the switch @ the top of the transfer case as pictured and of the three wires...in 2H one had juice w/ key on and other two dead. In 4H w/ key on two wires had juice one dead (ground). I tested in both situations with connector on the switch as instructed.
Other picture (rear transfer case) two wires going to this switch and neither had juice at any time. This is the switch that I was originally referring too that I claimed had no power. I am thinking that the switch you were referring too was the switch on top closest to the front driveshaft.

At any rate.....here is where I'm at: The switch on top seems to be working fine (unless you tell me differently) and the switch at the rear of the transfer case (green and purple wires) has no power at any time. (I don't know if this has anything to do with our situation or not).
I don't know where to go from here....please advise.

Thank you


https://www.2carpros.com/forum/automotive_pictures/289178_top_transfercase_1.jpg


https://www.2carpros.com/forum/automotive_pictures/289178_rear_transfercase_1.jpg

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Tuesday, December 23rd, 2008 AT 10:52 AM
Tiny
RACEFAN966
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Ok the one on top was the one to be tested and it tested fine. The one on the rear with two wires is your speedometer sensor to tell the vehicle the speed so if you speedo is working right then all is ok with it and no it won't stop the 4x4 from working.
Ok all signs of the test are pointing to the transfer case relay now. It is under the hood on the right side of the firewall near the battery junction block cover. If you want to verify that you can do a test on the front axle solenoid again you need to have the t-case in the 4x4 position attach the test light between the light blue wire and the black wire if the test light does not light then you need to check the black wire for any brakes if there are not problems found with the black wire then replace the transfer case relay. IF the light lights up then you got a bad axle solenoid and you need to take it back and warranty it. Let me know what you find.
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Tuesday, December 23rd, 2008 AT 9:55 PM
Tiny
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Thanks for the reply again.I will check the relay (hopefully I can find it) I have looked for the relay already and can't recall finding it.

Can I ask you a question? Their are three wires going to the actuator. Where do they go or what are they for? The thermal actuator only uses two (My guess is these are one hot/ one ground) The solenoid actuator requires three (My guess is one hot/ one ground and the other is not known)

Could something be broken in the front differential that is preventing the actuator from engaging the axles or would I hear or know something was wrong when it is moving in 4 x 4 (grinding noise)

If you could answer these two questions I would appreciate it. I will get back to you on the relay issue.

Thanks again
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Wednesday, December 24th, 2008 AT 7:43 AM
Tiny
RACEFAN966
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Ok I assume that you mean the one on the t-case. That switch has three as one is ground one is power in and one is power to the front axle actuator.
Yes something can be broke in the front diff. Not always will it make noise even though you would think it should. Get back to me on the relay and we continue Friday. Merry Christmas
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Wednesday, December 24th, 2008 AT 6:40 PM
Tiny
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[quote="racefan966"]Ok I assume that you mean the one on the t-case. That switch has three as one is ground one is power in and one is power to the front axle actuator.
Yes something can be broke in the front diff. Not always will it make noise even though you would think it should. Get back to me on the relay and we continue Friday. Merry Christmas[/quote

Hi, hope your Xmas went well. Thanks for the well wishes. Happy new year to you.

I can't seem to find the relay. Exactly where should it be and what does it look like. Also. On my last question.I was asking what the 3 wires are for on the solenoid type actuator & the two wires on the thermal type. More importantly. Where do the 3 wires go from the solenoid actuator (actuator 3 wires to where)
Now that I have two types of actuators I noticed that the solenoid type requires 3 wires and with the thermal type it only needs 2 wires which I assume are hot and ground. What is the 3rd wire that is left over in the event the thermal actuator is installed. I hope you understand my question.
Thanks
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Tuesday, December 30th, 2008 AT 10:44 AM
Tiny
RACEFAN966
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Ok with searching all the wiring diagrams available to me I can only find the two wire one for yours no three wire so I can't tell you what all the wires are for on that one. I can't find a pic of the relay but it says it is the T-case relay and that it is located at the right rear of the engine compartment near the battery junction block.
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Tuesday, December 30th, 2008 AT 9:52 PM
Tiny
NICOLEELYSSA
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Friday, December 18th, 2009 AT 11:07 PM
Tiny
THEBRAD
  • MEMBER
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I have a 94 gm pick and the front end won't engage.
I have power going to everything, I've replaced the actuator and the switch on top of the tcase. The solenoid is also working.
I'm starting to think it could be the diff itself.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
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Friday, June 10th, 2016 AT 7:50 AM

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