Engine codes P0305, P0316, P2195, and P0133

The first two codes are likely the reason you have the second two codes. P0316 is misfire detected at start-up. and P0305 is a misfire in cylinder number 5. A misfire at start -up like that will dump extra fuel into the exhaust system and then you get the O2 codes because the sensors cannot control the system correctly.
As it is worse when it's damp it sounds like it is ignition system related rather than fuel. More likely it is a bad coil that is arcing under the boot with a problem called carbon tracking. Fortunately in your case it is cylinder 5 which is on the left cylinder head so it is the cylinders under the front trim cover and not the ones toward the firewall. To access the coils you remove the cover by removing the bolts shown in the second picture and you will see the coils under the cover. The middle coil is cylinder 5. To remove it you disconnect the wire connection then remove the nut that holds it in place. The coil then lifts off of the plug. Now to be sure that it's the coil a simple test would be to remove the coil from number 6 which is the next one to the right and swap it with number 5. Then clear the codes and start the engine. If the coil is the bad part the engine will still misfire but it now should be a code P0306 indicating it is misfiring on cylinder 6. If it still shows the P0305 then the issue is more likely a bad spark plug. There is a third option when you swap the coils as well. That would be that the spark plug is bad and it caused the spark to jump inside the tip of the coil, that would create the carbon track in that coil, but when you moved the coil the misfire could go away because the replacement coil doesn't have that ground path in it yet. Carbon tracks look like the image of the spark plugs. Those are very bad and cracked but it gives you the idea of what it would look like. Inside the rubber boot on the end of the coil a carbon track will normally look like a white line or hole with white around it similar to the last image. If you find that kind of damage you will want to replace the spark plugs and and any coils showing damage. There is also the possibility of oil getting into the plug tubes through a bad seal. You will find that out if you remove the coil and the bottom of it is covered in oil. If that is the case then you will need to address that which involves removing the valve cover from the engine and resealing it. I sort of doubt that is the issue though as that type of misfire wouldn't depend at all on the weather as it would exist all the time.