1996 Dodge Caravan Transmission

I was driving home the other night in my "96 Grand Caravan LE when I noticed the lights were fading out. I limped it home (about 35 miles). By the time I got there, the lights were almost out, and the radio lights also failed, and the ASB light came on. After having it towed, charged up, and the problem 'fixed' (a loose battery post), I started to drive it and noticed the transmission would not shift into third or overdrive. This is a well-travelled van (240, 00 mi.) With a tranny rebuild at 188,000. My question is, I wonder if driving the van without good voltage could have CAUSED a transmission failure? My mechanic did not know.