Car driven with the wrong CV axle installed

What was wrong with the CV axle that was installed and driven on? Was it too long, too short? Did it make noise when it was installed and driven?

All the CV axle does is connect the transmission output to that specific wheel. So unless there was something significantly different, then most likely it will be fine. However, the most likely result of any damage that could happen is to the hub bearing or the splines inside the transmission. If you have the correct axle installed now, does it make noise when driving it? If not, I suspect you will be okay.

The CV axle that was initially installed was for a 2002 Altima with ABS. The correct CV axle without ABS was installed about a month after using the Altima with the ABS axle. Could this have caused any damage?

Okay. This will not cause any damage. The only difference is one with ABS has a tone wheel/ring so the speed sensor can pick up the speed on that wheel. The non ABS does not have this ring. You could have left it on there and it would have been fine. In fact, people knock off that ring on some applications when an ABS axle is their only option.

The only way that it matters is if you have ABS and you use a non-ABS axle that does not have the tone ring. Then you will have an ABS code and the system will not work.

Take a look at the pictures. Clearly you have things they way they are supposed to be now so you are good to go.