A/C compressor bypass?

Yes, this is possible. There are two real options. First is to find a belt that is for a vehicle with no A/C and then route the belt so that it does not include the A/C compressor. However, I don't show this as an option as there is only one belt so you would have to measure the belt length with no compressor and then order a custom belt. This is not the easiest thing and can require ordering a couple belts just to be sure you get the exact length correct.

The other option and the best one in my opinion is to just get an A/C compressor bypass pulley. This just goes in place of the compressor and the belt routes as normal.

Here are a couple guides that will help with instructions on how to replace a belt and compressor as this is basically what you are doing:

https://www.2carpros.com/articles/replace-serpentine-belt

https://www.2carpros.com/articles/replace-air-conditioner-compressor

Take a look at the process below for replacing the belt and compressor from the manual as that will help as well. Also, there is a picture of what the bypass pulley looks like.

Let us know if you have other questions. Thanks

Looking at the belt routing shows three options. The first is to replace the A/C compressor with a new or used unit and use that as intended, second would be to only replace the compressor with a used one and not repair the rest and use the compressor as an idler just to keep the belt in place. Third would be to replace the compressor with a bypass pulley as shown in the second image, essentially an idler pulley on a frame that bolts in place of the compressor and allows the belt to operate properly. With the routing of that belt the option of just running a different belt won't work because there is no way to route it properly so it could turn.
Looking at the compressor part number, it wasn't used on many vehicles other than the Pathfinder and the vans, so there may not be a usable bypass pulley made for it.

The Dorman 34254 might work as the Frontier and Pathfinder did use the same 4.0 engine for a while and that pulley works on the Frontier, but it would depend on what was changed between the vehicles. They don't use the same A/C compressor but the mounting bolts locations may be the same as they use the same engine block. Then it would depend on the belt alignment and size of the idler on the bypass. Dorman doesn't list them as fitting the Pathfinder so there could be something else that prevents their use.

From your description it sounds like the clutch bearing has failed, that is the bearing that lets the pulley move when the compressor isn't on. That is replaceable as part of the clutch assembly (Part 92660ZL90A), however the OEM parts are more expensive than a complete compressor and replacement requires the compressor be removed from the vehicle for tool access as well.

Now if you wanted to replace the compressor yourself, and you know the compressor you have was working and it was the bearing that failed (critical item here as internal compressor failure can send pieces through the system and it would need the be taken farther apart to clear it out to make it work again) you could recover the refrigerant yourself and replace the compressor then have a shop do the vacuum test and recharge it. That could save a lot of money and it's not that difficult if you have the tools.

For that you remove the left front tire and then the plastic splash guards from the wheel well. With those off you can see the compressor.
Now you need to remove the air cleaner housing and the duct that connects it to the fender to get room enough to get to the drive belt and compressor mounting bolts. Now that you have room you can remove the AC lines from the compressor and the wiring connectors. Now release the belt tensioner and remove the belt from the engine, if the compressor seized and the pulley doesn't turn you will likely want to replace the belt as it would have been damaged by heat. Then remove the three bolts and the compressor. Replace it by reversing the process, install new O-ring seals on the lines and measure the oil from the old compressor and the new one so you can replace the lost oil. Then bolt it in place and tighten the mounting bolts to 23 ft lb and the lines to 82 inch pounds. Now install the new belt and take it to a shop for a vacuum and recharge. Or just connect the lines up and use it as an idler only. You can get a replacement compressor online for around $300.00 US.