Unexpected problem with serpentine belts

Sir,

I have a car that had been in storage for several months in NC. I periodically would start the vehicle to run it for a period of time, but otherwise it has not been driven for quite some time. While in storage, I disconnected the battery. Today, however, I went to start the car, and the battery had been weakened requiring me to use cables to start the car. When the car turned over and started, I immediately noticed a high-pitched squeal and a white smoke coming from the engine. I immediately turned off the car and went to look at the engine. The smoke seemed to be coming from the alternator pulley, but I cannot be certain at this point. Can you recommend what diagnostics I should do to determine whether or not the pulley on the alternator is the problem, or if the source is something else like the water pump or AC compressor? Any guidance would be appreciated.