I suspect the bearings locked up and caused the rear end to lock up and the drive shaft is the weakest part so it broke. As for still free rolling, I bet the gears or axles broke as well so the tires can still spin but even if you put a new drive shaft in it, you will not have any movement as the rear end has failed.
If the rear end was just rebuilt, I would take it back as they most likely did not set the backlash, pinion preload, or pinion depth correct. I would be asking they correct this if you paid them to rebuild it.
I attached a picture of the rear end. More then likely umber 7, 9, or 12 is the issue. Let me know what questions you have. Thanks
Image (Click to make bigger)
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Friday, November 27th, 2020 AT 7:28 PM