Not changing oil on the regular

Absolutely not. The engine computer is able to detect well over 2,000 defects and will set a diagnostic fault code related to each of those defects. About half of them refer to things that could adversely affect emissions. Those are the codes that turn on the check engine light. For the least serious problems, the check engine light will turn off while you are driving, if the problem is intermittent and stops acting up. If the problem is a little more serious, but is intermittent and goes away, the light will stay on until you stop and restart the engine.

Of all the things the engine computer monitors, how long since the last oil change is not one of them.

Your very first sentence you said the check engine light was turning on. That is understandable given the fault code you have.

I went fifteen years and over 120,000 miles without changing the oil on my old 1988 Grand Caravan. That is not something I recommend anyone else try to do, but that puts in perspective what you are worrying about with your oil change.

Keep us posted on the solution.