Dots or bubbles at sides of windshield glass

This is called de-lamination. It is caused by dust and dirt particles that get trapped between the layers of glass when they are forming the window. Over the years these breakdown and leave the deformations that you see. I doubt they will spread inward but they will go around the window on the edges. This is pretty typically of aftermarket windshields unfortunately.

Let me know if you have questions. Thanks

Cosmetically about the only thing you could do would be to mask off around the glass and the windshield and paint a trim line around the glass. However, that just hides the fact that the glass is failing. In modern vehicles the glass used is both a structural and safety part of the vehicle and not just glass. If it were mine I would replace the windshield with a better one. That would restore both the structure and safety aspects as well as remove the damage.