Grab a test light, connect it between the two battery posts, then move the test light probe and clip down the line to the next places in the circuits. The clip will go from the battery negative post to the engine block, then a different direction to the body. If the light still lights up at both places, move the probe from the positive post to where the smaller red wire bolts to the under-hood fuse box. Probe on the cable terminal, then on the nut or the metal pad the terminal is bolted to. If the light doesn't light up on the pad, take that terminal off and clean it with sandpaper.
Based on the original symptoms, I'd suspect a bad battery or the alternator isn't recharging it; or the cables were corroded as you mentioned. I have a few simple tests to verify the charging issue. Since the current symptoms are different, I'd be looking for a fuse that blew for no other reason than the surge from jump-starting or connecting the new battery. That seems to be a common thing now with all the computers on the vehicles.
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Sunday, November 20th, 2011 AT 11:30 PM